Giotto's Scrovegni Chapel, Padua
Must-SeeUNESCOThe single most important fresco cycle in Western art — 38 scenes that invented modern painting. Book 2+ weeks ahead. Exactly 15-minute visits in climate-controlled groups.
Siena Cathedral (Duomo)
Must-SeeBlack-and-white marble stripes, Nicola Pisano's pulpit, Duccio's stained glass, and the inlaid marble floor (uncovered Aug-Oct). The Libreria Piccolomini frescoes by Pinturicchio are dazzling.
Duccio's Maesta, Museo dell'Opera, Siena
Must-SeeThe greatest panel painting of the Gothic era — originally the Duomo altarpiece. Both sides painted with extraordinary detail. The Museo dell'Opera also has the best view of Siena from its tower.
Milan Cathedral (Duomo di Milano)
Must-SeeUNESCOThe largest Gothic cathedral in Italy — 3,400 statues, 135 spires, and a rooftop walk among the pinnacles. The interior is vast and overwhelming. The rooftop terrace is essential.
Assisi Basilica of San Francesco
Must-SeeUNESCOUpper church: Giotto's Life of St Francis frescoes (debated but magnificent). Lower church: Cimabue, Lorenzetti, Simone Martini. A Gothic masterpiece inside and out.
Where to start
Book the Scrovegni Chapel in Padua immediately when you decide to visit Italy. Then plan Siena's Duomo and Assisi's Basilica around it. These three sites tell the full Gothic story.