Italy uses Type L (3 round pins in a line) and Type C (2 round pins) plugs at 230V/50Hz.
Plan your trip →From the US/Canada/Japan (120V): you need a plug adaptor AND a voltage converter for devices that don’t support 220–240V. Check the tiny print on your charger: if it says "Input: 100–240V" you only need an adaptor. If it says "Input: 120V" you need a converter or it will fry. From the UK: plug adaptor only (voltage is the same). From EU countries: Type C (Europlug) works in most Italian sockets. Some older sockets only accept the narrower Type L pins — a universal adaptor handles this.
A universal travel adaptor with USB-C ports (€10–20, Amazon/electronics stores). Or buy an Italian adaptor at any Italian airport, train station, or Upim/Tiger store for €3–5. Devices that are always dual-voltage: phone chargers, laptop chargers, tablet chargers, camera chargers (check the label). Devices that will fry without a converter: hair dryers, curling irons, some electric razors. Hotel hair dryers are standard — leave yours at home.