Viterbo was the seat of the papacy for 24 years in the 13th century, and its medieval quarter (San Pellegrino) is so perfectly preserved it regularly doubles as a movie set. The Palazzo dei Papi hosted the longest papal conclave in history (1268-1271 — they literally locked the cardinals in and removed the roof). And the thermal baths at Terme dei Papi have been flowing since Etruscan times.
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