Italian pharmacies (farmacie, look for the green cross) are more powerful than American/UK pharmacies. Pharmacists in Italy can diagnose minor conditions, recommend treatments, and sell many medications that would require a prescription in the US or UK. Sunburn, stomach problems, allergies, minor infections, cold/flu, insect bites — the farmacia handles 90% of tourist health issues. No appointment. No waiting room. The pharmacist speaks enough English in tourist areas.
Pain relief: Ibuprofen (Brufen, Moment), paracetamol (Tachipirina), aspirin. Stomach: Antacids, anti-diarrhea (Imodium), rehydration salts, Enterogermina (probiotic — Italian staple). Allergies: Antihistamines (Reactine, Zirtec). Infections: Mild topical antibiotics (Gentalyn). Cold/flu: Decongestants, cough syrup. Insect bites: Cortisone cream (over-the-counter in Italy!). Sunburn: After-sun, aloe gel, burn cream. Eye drops, ear drops, basic wound care: All available. Note: Some items that are over-the-counter in the US (like stronger ibuprofen) may require asking the pharmacist (they'll give it to you, but it's "behind the counter").
112: European emergency number (works for police, ambulance, fire — multilingual operators). 118: Medical emergency (ambulance). 113: Police. 115: Fire. EHIC/GHIC card: EU/UK citizens — bring your European Health Insurance Card. Covers emergency treatment at Italian public hospitals. Travel insurance: US/non-EU citizens — GET IT. Italian emergency rooms are excellent but without insurance a hospital visit can cost €200-1,000+. SafetyWing from €42/month →